Gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases have a significant impact on human health and quality of life, underscoring the urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies. As emerging biomaterials, nanozymes combine the advantages of nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic activities, demonstrating considerable potential for managing gastrointestinal inflammation. To provide researchers with a clear and concise overview of recent advances and future directions in this area, this review systematically summarizes and discusses the progress in nanozyme applications for treating gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, and the like. We begin by elucidating the catalytic mechanisms underlying the major types of nanozymes, including metal-based, metal–organic framework-based, and carbon-based nanozymes. Subsequently, we explore nanozyme designs that enable multifaceted therapeutic effects—including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, microbiota regulation, and barrier repair functions—through strategies such as multienzyme mimicry, targeted delivery, and stimulus-responsive activation. While challenges related to targeting precision and biosafety remain, nanozymes offer promising opportunities to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. The review also discusses future prospects, such as artificial intelligence-assisted design, which may accelerate the development of next-generation nanozymes. We believe this work provides a valuable theoretical foundation for the design of efficient and safe nanozyme-based treatments for gastrointestinal inflammation.

Skin wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge, with traditional therapies often facing issues such as infection and secondary trauma. Thermoelectric (TE) materials possess the unique ability to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Electrical signals generated by these materials can accelerate skin wound healing by reconstructing endogenous electric fields, modulating the inflammatory microenvironment, and promoting angiogenesis. Despite their substantial potential, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and practical applications of TE materials in skin wound healing is still lacking. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in wound healing using TE materials, while integrating considerations of flexibility, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial performance to optimize TE device design. Strategies for enhancing TE performance, such as carrier concentration modulation, band engineering, and lattice thermal conductivity reduction, are discussed to balance conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. Although challenges in biosafety and room-temperature performance regulation of inorganic materials persist, future developments in multimodal synergistic therapy, intelligent monitoring systems, and novel material design are expected to drive the clinical translation of TE materials for treating refractory wounds.

Chronic wounds resulting from burns, infections, and/or diabetes represent a significant clinical challenge due to impaired healing processes, which can lead to severe complications and even amputation. Growth factors (GFs) play crucial roles in all stages of wound healing. However, their therapeutic efficacy is compromised by rapid proteolytic degradation within the wound microenvironment, while excessive concentrations can induce detrimental side effects. Hydrogels, with their three-dimensional network structure, serve as an ideal carrier for GF delivery, protecting bioactivity and enabling controlled release. This review first summarizes the key roles of different GFs in wound healing. It then focuses on hydrogel-based GF loading strategies (noncovalent and covalent binding) and the integration of stimuli-responsive mechanisms for on-demand spatiotemporal release. Additionally, the potential of synergistic therapy combining drugs or scaffold materials with hydrogel-GF systems is discussed. Finally, the application prospects of this technology in other regenerative fields are explored.